Structural Kinesiology Module 1 Practice Exam

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• What term describes the point where a muscle ends?
• Which component of muscular force acts perpendicular to the vertical component and helps stabilize a joint?
• Which term describes motion along any line?
• Which deformation method causes bending or curving due to forces applied at the ends?
• Which concept focuses on deducing joint angles from end effector coordinates?
• What term refers to pulleys that are combined to increase mechanical advantage?
• Which pennate fiber arrangement has fibers inserting into two sides of the tendon?
• Which law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?
• Which field focuses on how solid bodies change shape, stretch, or compress under external forces?
• Which term describes the study of a physical body while considering forces?
• The left-right division plane is called the sagittal plane.
• Which term describes twisting of an object?
• In which lever class is the force located between the axis and resistance?
• Which term describes motion along a curved line?
• Which term describes the process in which antagonist muscles relax and lengthen when the agonist contracts?
• Which term is defined as the resistance to action or change in motion?
• Which movement describes movement away from the midline of the body?
• Which muscle group cooperates with agonists by relaxing but will cause the opposite motion when contracted?
• Which movement describes turning the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints inward (medially) in the frontal plane?
• A muscle that crosses one joint and acts on that joint is called which type?
• Which division of the PNS includes efferent nerves carrying impulses to outlying regions of the body from the CNS?
• Which diarthrodial joint allows uniaxial articulation for rotation?
• Which term describes the palm side of the hand?
• The phase of a twitch that occurs immediately after stimulation and before contraction is called
• Which direction describes toward the body surface?
• Which term refers to the point around which all other points in the body move at a specific instant in time?
• Which term defines the point of Resistance in a lever system?
• What term describes the perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the external force?
• Which term describes a muscle that relaxes and causes the opposite movement when contracted?
• Which movement decreases the angle between two segments?
• What is the term for the ratio of resistance to effort force?
• Which type of friction exists between two surfaces that have not yet begun to move?
• Which term describes a muscle that is thick in the middle and tapered at the ends?
• Which lever type has the axis between the force and resistance?
• Which pennate type has fibers inserting on one side of the tendon?
• Which property is the ability to contract and develop tension against resistance?
• Which movement describes turning the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints outward (laterally) in the frontal plane?
• What is the name of the rule that states that when a convex joint surface moves on a concave surface, rolling and gliding occur in opposite directions, and when a concave surface moves on a convex surface, rolling and gliding occur in the same direction?
• The force that resists the motion of two surfaces sliding against each other is called
• The principle stating that individual muscle fibers within a motor unit will either fire maximally or not at all is called
• What is the point of rotation about which a lever moves?
• The state of equilibrium when the body is at rest or completely motionless is called
• Which movement increases the angle of a joint?
• What term describes the stabilizing or dislocating component of muscular force that acts perpendicular to the vertical component?
• Quantity that includes direction and rate of displacement is what?
• Which term indicates the direction toward the front of the body?
• Which rotary movement is away from the midline of the body?
• Which contraction involves changing joint angles during movement?
• Which diarthrodial joint type is exemplified by the shoulder and hip, permitting movement in multiple directions?
• The fourth phase of a single muscle fiber twitch, in which the fiber rests after contraction, is
• Which relationship describes how muscle length influences its force capacity?
• In the force-velocity relationship, as shortening velocity increases, the force a muscle can produce at a given load tends to:
• Rate of change of velocity is called what?
• Which term describes a muscle that surrounds a joint and contracts to stabilize the area?
• Which movement is a circular path of a limb that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?
• Which diarthrodial joints are exemplified by the shoulder and hip?
• Which quantity has magnitude but no direction?
• What is the sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscle groups or other soft tissue structures?
• Which quantity is described by magnitude and direction?
• What is the name of the angle between the muscle's line of pull and the bone on which it inserts?
• Which term refers to the intrinsic sensors that help with balance and stability?
• Which field studies systems in motion with acceleration?
• Which axis runs through a joint front to back?
• Which term is used to designate the momentary center of rotation?
• Which component of muscular force acts perpendicular to the long axis of the bone and contributes to rotation?
• Which skeletal region pertains to the head, neck, and trunk?
• A muscle that crosses two joints and acts on two different joints is described as a:
• Which rotary movement is toward the midline of the body?
• Which term best describes the subdivision of the PNS that transmits sensory information from receptors to the CNS?
• Friction that occurs when two surfaces are sliding past one another is called
• Which term denotes inward turning of the sole of the foot?
• Which deformation method involves twisting of the object?
• Which subdivision of the PNS carries commands from the CNS to muscles and glands?
• Which property describes a muscle's ability to stretch beyond its normal resting length?
• Which term refers to the front of the body?
• A muscle that crosses three or more joints is described as a:
• What term describes a muscle that neutralizes the action of another muscle to prevent undesired movement?
• Which type of contraction involves changing joint angles during movement?
• Which term refers to being below the surface?
• Which term best describes a muscle that is triangular or fan-shaped?
• Which term describes motion along a straight line?
• Which term describes the measure of how much a joint can move?
• What term refers to the point at which all of the body's mass and weight are evenly balanced in all directions?
• Which term refers to solving biomechanics problems by obtaining the end point from joint parameters?
• Which structure monitors muscle length and triggers the stretch reflex to contract the agonist muscle?
• A state of zero acceleration where there is no change in speed or direction of the body is called
• Which ankle movement results in the foot moving away from the body?
• The state of equilibrium when all applied and inertial forces acting on a moving body are in balance, resulting in movement with unchanging speed or direction is called
• Which term describes the movements that include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation?
• Which term denotes outward turning of the sole of the foot?
• Which term represents the product of force and time?
• Which term describes gross bone motion in space, such as knee flexion or elbow extension?
• Which term describes the condition where the opposing muscle becomes stretched to the point where it can no longer lengthen and allow movement?
• What term describes the product of an object's mass and velocity?
• Proprioceptors that monitor muscle tension and trigger autogenic inhibition to relax an overly contracted muscle are
• Which term best describes the motion that occurs at joint surfaces, including rolling and sliding?
• Perpendicular distance from axis to muscle insertion?
• Which receptor is responsible for autogenic inhibition of a too-tense muscle?
• What term describes the point where a muscle originates?
• Which CNS component acts as a major conduit for information between the brain and body and participates in basic reflexes?
• Which type of exercise uses concentric and eccentric contractions with constant speed?
• Which statement best describes the All or None Principle?
• Which CNS portion is responsible for sensory impulses and biofeedback?
• Which movement involves a specific point on one articulating surface contacting a series of points on another surface?
• Which movement type includes motions that must accompany primary joint movement, such as translation components?
• Occurs when a muscle becomes shortened to the point that it can not generate or maintain active tension. This is called:
• Which term describes the neural mechanism where the antagonist is inhibited while the agonist contracts?
• Which type of pulley functions to change the direction of the applied force without changing its magnitude?
• What term describes the actual distance that the object has been displaced from its original point of reference?
• Which quantity is described by magnitude only?
• Which term describes the direction toward the front of the body?
• What is the muscle action when the muscle shortens during contraction?
• Which term describes the force applied by muscles to move the lever?
• Which term describes the force that arises from resistance between surfaces in contact when one surface moves relative to the other?
• During which contraction does the muscle develop tension while its length increases?
• Which lever type has the resistance between the axis and the force?
• Which term describes a rigid bar/bone that turns about an axis of rotation?
• Which term refers to being below something else?
• Which CNS portion is considered the pathway between the CNS and the PNS and is responsible for more specific control and reflexes?
• Which term refers to the body's ability to perceive joint position and movement?
• Which muscle group causes joint motion?
• Which diarthrodal joint has triaxial articulation with 2 reciprocally concave and convex articular surfaces?
• Amount of matter in the body is called what?
• Which plane divides the body into front and back and movement is side-to-side?
• Which relationship describes how a muscle's force production depends on its length, with peak tension around 100–130% of resting length?
• The plane dividing the body into front and back portions is called the coronal/frontal plane.
• Which term describes toward the head of the body?
• Which relationship states that the speed of muscle shortening is inversely related to the force opposing the contraction?
• Which portion of the CNS is responsible for posture, learned movements, and equilibrium?
• Which axis runs through a joint from side to side?
• Which type of friction resists an object rolling across a surface?
• Slightly movable joints are classified as which type?
• Which type of arthrokinematic movement must occur for a primary physiological movement to take place?
• Which deformation method describes a material being stretched?
• The type of diarthrodial joint that has 2 planes or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other is called?
• Which term indicates being above something else?
• Which field is described as the study of systems that are in a constant state of motion?
• Which isotonic contraction shortens the muscle?
• What type of muscle is triangular or fan-shaped?
• Which term describes the axis about which rotation occurs in a lever system?
• When a body is at rest, the friction that prevents motion is known as
• Which term describes resistance to a change in the body's acceleration or disturbance of its equilibrium?
• Which division of the PNS includes afferent nerves bringing impulses from receptors to the CNS?
• Freely movable joints are termed what?
• Which property enables a muscle to return to its original length after stretching?
• Proprioceptors that monitor length and speed of contraction and trigger the stretch reflex to contract the agonist and relax the antagonist are
• What term refers to the resulting motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes, derived from physiological movements?
• The central portion of a muscle between origin and insertion is called the...
• What type of muscle is thick in the middle and tapered at each end?
• Which diarthrodial joints have multiaxial articulation?
• What term represents the distance from the axis to the muscle insertion?
• Which law states that soft tissues adapt and remodel according to the mechanical stresses placed upon them?
• Which term describes the nerve supply to a muscle group?
• Which rotary movement is away from the midline of the body?
• Which axis runs through a joint up and down?
• The ratio of the force required to overcome friction to the force holding the surfaces together is called the
• Which phenomenon occurs when two muscles contract to produce forces in opposite directions on a joint, causing rotation about an axis?
• Which term denotes the quantity that describes both speed and direction at a given moment?
• Which type of pennate fiber arrangement has fibers inserting into one side of a tendon?
• Which joints are described as having triaxial articulation with 2 reciprocally concave and convex articular surfaces?
• What method solves biomechanics problems by calculating the end point of the mechanism with given values for each degree of freedom?
• The area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve is called
• Which term refers to the study of motion independent of the forces that produced it?
• Which term refers to the back of the body?
• A force applied off center or not in line with the center of rotation?
• The muscle or group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve is called
• Which movement describes movement toward the midline of the body?
• What describes motion between articular surfaces?
• Conscious awareness of position and movement of the body in space is known as
• Which movement involves a series of points on one articular surface contacting a series of points on another surface?
• What is the point of external resistance?
• Which term refers to the middle of the body?
• Which property of muscle is the ability to respond to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli?
• The nerves that supply a specific muscle group and provide the stimulus for movement are called what?
• The turning effect of an eccentric force; moment of force?
• What type of muscle is an endless strap muscle which surrounds openings and function to close them upon contraction?
• When a body is sliding, the friction opposing motion is called
• Which fiber arrangement increases power by having fibers arranged obliquely and insert into multiple tendons?
• Which pennate fiber arrangement has fibers inserting into more than two sides of the tendon?
• Which term describes the distance between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the external force?
• Which term is defined as the product of force and time?
• Which plane divides the body into left and right halves and movement is straight ahead?
• A muscle that crosses three or more joints is called a:
• Which term describes the sole of the foot?
• Which lever classification places the load between the pivot and the effort?
• Which term indicates the point of effort, usually where a muscle inserts?
• Which joints have multiaxial articulation?
• Immovable joints are called what?
• Which deformation method occurs when force is applied in opposite directions, causing shear between adjacent layers?
• Which deformation method involves the object being compacted?
• The central portion of a muscle between its origin and insertion is called the...
• Which term refers to the resistance to a change in motion or position?
• Which isotonic contraction lengthens the muscle?
• Which term describes motion along a curved path?
• Which method connects joints to reduce variable count in biomechanics problems?
• What term describes the normal, pain-free range in which a joint can move?
• Which term describes a circular movement of a limb that combines multiple planes of motion?
• The third phase of a single muscle fiber twitch, during which the fiber shortens to its max capacity, is
• Which division connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and organs and senses in the periphery of the body?
• Which term describes rotation about an axis?
• Fiber arrangement in which the fibers run in the same direction and are considered better for range of motion?
• Which deformation method describes a deformation mode in which the material is stretched?
• Which term refers to toward the head of the body?
• Which term describes friction that resists rolling of a body across a surface?
• Which region of the central nervous system is described as having the highest level of control?
• Resistance to action or change is called what?
• Which concept denotes the single point where weight is evenly distributed in all directions?
• Which skeletal region pertains to the upper and lower limbs?
• Which study describes motion independent of the forces that produced it?
• Which term describes a muscle that initiates movement at a joint?
• Which CNS region processes sensory inputs and provides motor coordination through feedback?
• Which contraction is defined as developing tension without a change in joint angle?
• Which direction means toward the surface of the body?
• Which ankle movement results in the top of the foot moving toward the shin?
• Which diarthrodial joint type has uniaxial articulation for bending and straightening?
• The second phase of a single muscle fiber twitch, where there is a brief moment with no activity after a stimulus, is
• Which CNS region is most closely associated with higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and planning?
• What type of muscle is thin and broad with broad origins that allow them to spread their forces over a broad area?
• Which plane divides the body into top and bottom and movement is rotational?
• Which type forms rings around openings and closes them upon contraction?
• Which term describes direction away from the head of the body?
• Movement described as rotation around a single point on one articular surface about a single point on another articular surface?
• Which CNS portion is responsible for arousal or maintaining a wakeful state?
• Which fiber arrangement is described as running obliquely from one or multiple tendons and is usually better for power?
• The ratio of the force needed to overcome friction to the force holding surfaces together is defined as the
• Which muscle type assists the same motion as the agonist?
• Which diarthrodial joint is a biaxial ball and socket joint?
• What type of muscle is uniform in diameter with essentially all fibers arranged in a long parallel manner?
• Change in location of a rotating body is called what?
• The position in which the feet and legs are higher than the head while lying down is called which position?
• Which term is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity?
• Which term refers to the point around which all other points in the body move?
• Which term describes the direction away from the middle of the body?
• Which quantity describes the length of travel along a path?
• The plane dividing the body into top and bottom portions is called the transverse/Horizontal Plane.
• Which muscle type surrounds a joint or body part and contracts to stabilize the area and enable movement?
• The actual sum of the lengths of measurement traveled is called what?
• What method solves biomechanics problems by connecting the number of joints to reduce the total number of variables?
• Which joints are described as biaxial ball and socket joints?
• Which rotary movement is toward the midline of the body?
• Which term describes the muscle or group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve?
• The ability to control equilibrium, either static or dynamic, is known as
• Which term describes a muscle's ability to return to its original length after being stretched?
• Which process involves obtaining joint angles from known coordinates of an end effector?
• Which term refers to the back of the body?
• Which law describes the relationship that the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass?
• The first phase of a single muscle fiber contraction or twitch is
• Which law states that a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted on by a force?
• Which term describes pulleys that are combined to increase mechanical advantage?
• Which term describes rotation around an axis?
• Which term describes the direction away from the middle of the body?
• Rotation around the body's vertical axis results in movement in which plane?
• Which property allows a muscle to be passively stretched beyond normal resting length?
• Which law states that the change in acceleration is directly proportional to the force causing it and inversely proportional to the mass of the body?